mātua whāngai
1. (noun) foster parents, adoptive parents.
Ahakoa te pōhara, ka mutu mai i ngā mātua whāngai o Eruera te kaha o te pukumahi, me te pūmau o te hāpai i te Hāhi Ringatū (TTR 2000:117). / Although poor, Eruera's foster parents were extremely hard-working and devout in their observance of the Ringatū Faith.
See also whāngai
hākoro
1. (noun) elderly man, father, parent.
Ko Whakaahu te whetū kei te ārahi i tēnei marama. Piri tonu ngā turi o te hākoro me te hākui i te mātao (TTT 1/8/1922:7). / Castor is the star that heralds this month when the knees of the old men and elderly women cling together because of the cold.
Synonyms: hākorokoro, matua, heinga
2. (stative) main, chief, important, primary.
Whai muri i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi, ka whakatūria e Kāwana Hopihana tana kāwanatanga ki Okiato, ka tapaina e ia te tāone matua hōu, ko Russell (Te Ara 2011). / After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, Governor Hobson established his seat of government at Okiato. He named the new capital Russell.
3. (noun) father, parent, uncle.
Kei te tino hari tōku ngākau kua tū nei koe i te tūranga o tō matua, o Te Wiremu (TTT 1/10/1929:1078). / I am overjoyed that you have taken up the position of your father, the Rev. Williams.
See also pāpā
Synonyms: hākorokoro, hākoro, heinga
4. (noun) division (of an army), company, contingent, the body of the kapa haka.
E kīia ana i te wā e haka ana tētahi o aua matua, ngarue ana te whenua (TKO 30/6/1920:5). / It is said that at the time that one of those groups was performing the haka, the ground shook.
See also mātua
matua whāngai
1. (noun) foster parent, foster father.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai?...E kī ana ahau ehara rawa i te tikanga Māori te whakawhiti kē i ngā pānga o te matua whāngai, ki te tamaiti whāngai...Ko ngā pānga o te matua whāngai, ka heke anō ki ōna uri tipu, ki ōna whanaunga rānei, mō ngā mahinga kai, me ngā taonga hapahapai (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?...I am saying that it is not Māori custom for the foster parent's land shares to be transferred to a foster child...The land interests of the foster parent for cultivations and property pass on to his true descendants, or to his relatives. (Statements by Īhāia Hūtana of Ngāti Kahungunu.)
See also whāngai, tamaiti whāngai, mātua whāngai
whakaaetanga tiaki tamariki
1. (noun) parenting agreement, protection of children agreement.
Ka whakarārangi mai i tētahi whakaaetanga tiaki tamariki i ngā whakatau kua whakaaehia (Ministry of Justice MOJ0560M 2014:2) / It outlines a protection of children agreement and the decisions that have been agreed upon.
matakēkē
1. (noun) step-parent, step-mother, step-father.
He kore i tau nō te noho a Hōri i te taha o tōna pāpā me tana matakēkē, noho kē mai ana ia i te taha o tana kuia, arā, o te whaea o tana whaea (TTR 1998:118). / Because George could not settle with his father and stepmother, he went to live with his maternal grandmother.
2. (noun) uncle, aunt.
I te matenga o tana māmā, ka riro mā tētahi o ana matakēkē a ia e whakapakeke (PK 2008:420). / When his mother died one of his aunts raised him.
heinga
1. (noun) parent, ancestor.
Kāhore ō koutou maharatanga ki ngā akoranga a ō koutou heinga (TK 1/11/1845:42). / You have no memory of the teachings of your ancestors.
Synonyms: hākorokoro, hākoro, matua
hākorokoro
1. (noun) elderly man, father, parent.
Ka tuhia ki roto ki taua pukapuka ngā ingoa o ngā hākorokoro, ngā hākuikui, ngā tamariki kai ū, me ngā tāngata kē atu (TWMNT 2/12/1871:12). / Written in that document are the names of the elderly men and women, the breastfeeding children and strangers.
matua takakau
1. (noun) single parent.
Riro ana ia hai tamaiti whāngai mā tana matua kēkē, matua takakau, he kōingo nōna ki tētahi tamaiti hai whāngai māna ki ana kōrero tuku iho (TTR 1998:185). / He was taken as a foster child by his uncle, a single parent, because he wanted a child to pass on his traditional knowledge.
whāngai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-nga,-tia) to feed, nourish, bring up, foster, adopt, raise, nurture, rear.
Kaua hei whāngaia te pēpi ki te pātara (TTT 1/10/1927:699). / Don't feed the baby with a bottle.
Synonyms: hikutira, hikumaro, kōkai, taute, poipoi, ahu, whaipainga, whai painga, whakawairākau, riaki, whakatū, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, mairanga, whakapakeke, whakatupu
2. (modifier) fostered, adoptive, foster.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai?...Ko te tikanga Māori mō te tamaiti whāngai, ka hoki anō ki roto i ngā pānga o ōna mātua ake, i runga anō i te take huihui, i heke mai i roto i te tino take ki te whenua, kāore hoki te whāngai e tangohia i waho o ngā whakapapa me te toto (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?...In Māori custom an adopted child would fall back on the rights to the land shares of his/her birth parents which would occur in gatherings where the inheritance of land was passed on, and the foster child would not have rights outside genealogical and blood ties. (Statements by Īhāia Hūtana of Ngāti Kahungunu.)
See also matua whāngai, mātua whāngai, tamaiti whāngai, whaea whāngai, tamariki whāngai
3. (noun) foster child, adopted child - this is a customary practice. Often a couple's first child was brought up by grandparents or adopted by one of the brothers or sisters of a parent, but almost always the foster child was a blood relation, usually a close relation. This practice continues today, but inheritance of land and property is not clear-cut. Sometimes the foster child would be entitled to inherit the foster father's property, especially if a child was adopted at birth and remained with the foster parents through to adulthood and looked after the adopted parent(s) in their old age. In this case the foster child would share the interests with any natural children. The rights of a foster child might be modified if an ōhākī (bequest) by the foster father had been made. Foster children always knew who their natural parents were.
Nō te whānautanga o Te Ataihaea, he kōtiro, kua hiahia tō mātau māmā kia riro mai i a ia hai whāngai māna (HP 1991:19). / When Te Ataihaea, a girl, was born our mother wanted to adopt her as a foster child.
Tūmatauenga
1. (personal name) atua of war and humans - also known as Tūkāriri and other names, he was one of the offspring of Ranginui and Papatūānuku who wanted to kill his parents for not letting the sun shine on their children. Sometimes hyphenated, i.e. Tū-mata-uenga.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 40-42;)
Ko te māoritanga o ngā ingoa o ēnei tamariki a Rangi rāua ko Papa: Ko Tangaroa, he ika; ko Rongomātāne, ko te kūmara; ko Haumiatiketike, ko te aruhe; ko Tānemahuta, ko te rākau, ko te manu; ko Tāwhirimātea, ko te hau; ko Tūmatauenga, ko te tangata (KO 16/9/1886:6). / The explanation of the names of these children of Rangi and Papa is: Tangaroa is fish; Rongomātāne is kūmara; Haumiatiketike is fernroot; Tānemahuta is trees and birds; Tāwhirimātea is wind; Tūmatauenga is humans.
muru
1. (verb) (-a) to wipe, wipe on, wipe off, rub, rub off, smear, paint, pluck (feathers, etc.).
Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878:9/521). / That canoe was painted with black paint.
Synonyms: tā, waituhi, pani, kōmuku, koromuku, kōmuru, kōmukumuku, panipani, peita, hohore, para, kato, kiriūka, ngana, koromaki, kōwhaki, hautoa, muku, mukumuku, kōmuri, kōmeke, kōmekemeke, kōmiri, ūkui, ūkuikui, hūkui, kāuto, aumiri, hikahika, mirimiri, wakuwaku, waku, miri
2. (verb) (-a) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society.
Me he rangatira te tangata nōna te pane i morimoria nei, kātahi ka rangona tēnei kupu morimori e whakahuatia ana, mō te morimoringa hoki o te pane tapu o te rangatira nei. Ka tauatia hoki, ka murua ngā taonga, whenua, aha atu rānei, a te tangata nāna i morimori (JPS 1894:28). / If it was a chief whose head was touched, then this word 'morimori' would be used for the action of touching the sacred head of the chief. The person who touched it would be the subject of a hostile party and his goods, land or other property would be plundered.
I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885:2). / In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses.
Synonyms: hunuhunu, kōhunu, hone, pārure, whakarekereke, romi, marure, mūrei, pāhua, pāhuahua
3. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, forgive, absolve, excuse, pardon, cancel - a modern connotation.
Kei te rapu anō hoki rānei koe kia mātau mehemea kua oti ō hara te muru mō tō tohe tonu ki te inoi, kua hopu rānei koe, he tika kua murua ō hara nō te mea kua pēnā tā te Atua kupu? (THM 1/10/1889:5). / Are you seeking to know if your sins are forgiven because you keep on asking, or is it right that your sins have been forgiven because that is what the word of God says?
4. (verb) (-a) to pluck off (leaves, feathers, etc.).
Ka murua ngā rimurimu, me ngā kohukohu i tōna tinana, ka ora ia i reira (NM 1928:24). / The seaweed and moss were removed from his body and then he revived.
5. (modifier) plundering, looting - especially in seeking ritual compensation.
I a Mita e ngaro ana, ka māuiuitia tana mokopuna, ka mate ki Poihākena. Te hokinga mai, ka tauatia a Mita ki te taua muru i runga i te whakapae nā āna mahi i mate ai tana mokopuna (TTR 1994:126). / While Mita was away his grandson became ill and died in Sydney. On returning here Mita was the subject of a muru party, on the accusation that he had caused his grandchild's death.
6. (modifier) confiscated, plundered.
Kore rawa a Taurua i whakaae kia utua mai ia mō ngā whenua muru (TTR 1990:166). / Taurua never agreed to take any payment for the confiscated land.
7. (noun) confiscation.
I tupea e ia he pōrangi mau pū, i whakaanga atu ia ki ngā rōpū kaipetipeti, me te muru hoki i ngā waipiro takahi i te ture (TTR 1998:9). / He disarmed a deranged gunman, confronted groups of gamblers and confiscated moonshine liquor.
kātua
1. (verb) (-tia) to be full-grown.
Tērā tētahi manu kei te awa nui o Amerika ki te tonga, kei te Amahona, e kīia ana e whā waewae o taua manu i te mea e kūao ana. He matimati anō kei ngā parirau, hai ngōki haere māna. Ā, ka kātuatia ka makere ngā matimati, toe iho ko ngā parirau anake (KO 10/9/1890:3). / There is a bird in the large river of South America, the Amazon, which is said to have four legs when it's young. It has claws on the wings so that it can crawl about, and when it matures the fingers drop off leaving just the wings.
2. (noun) adult (of birds and animals) - especially for the female parent, e.g. ewe, mare, cow, hen.
Ki te ora te kātua ka ora hoki tana kūao reme (TP 7/1910:3). / If the ewe is healthy its lamb will also be in good condition.
Synonyms: hōiho uwha
3. (noun) main part (of anything).
Ka whakamahia te kātua o te kaponga me te nīkau hei pou mō ngā whare (Te Ara 2015). / The trunks of tree ferns and nīkau palms were used as posts for houses.
4. (noun) main fence of a pā.
hāwhe-kāihe
1. (loan) (noun) half-caste - person whose parents are of different ethnic groups.
He mea hoki ko te Tāke hāwhe-kāihe te iwi i kīia nei ko rātou te Kāwanatanga o te iwi Tāke (TW 17/8/1878:413). / And it is the half-caste Turks who are said to be the people who make up the Government of the Turkish people.
See also hāwhe-kāehe
imurangi
1. (noun) fragmentary rainbow - according to Elsdon Best, the parents or origin of the rainbow are the imurangi, seen on the horizon, and tuhirangi (the redness of the horizon).
Ko Kahukura rāua ko Tūāwhiorangi, he atua ēnā, tō rāua matua ko te imurangi e mau mai nā i te taha o te rangi (W 1971:77). / Kahukura and Tūāwhiorangi, those are atua and their father is the fragmentary rainbow that is held on the edge of the heavens.
pā harakeke
1. (noun) flax bush, generations - sometimes used as a metaphor to represent the whānau and the gene pools inherited by children from their two parents and the passing of attributes down the generations.
He kupu whakarite te pā harakeke mō te whānau. Ko te rito i waenganui pū i te harakeke, koia tērā ko te tamaiti, ko ngā rau kei waho, ko ngā pakeke (Te Ara 2011). / The flax bush represents the family. The new leaf at its centre is the child, and leaves on the outside are older relatives.
See also pā
Paia-nui-a-Rangi
1. (personal name) according to some versions of the creative narratives, he separated his parents Rangi-nui and Papa-tū-ā-nuku. Also known as Rangi-hāpainga.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 40-42;)
I te mea ka rewa a Rangi-nui ki runga, ko Tāne-te-waiora ka huaina tōna ingoa ko Tāne-nui-a-Rangi-e-tū-iho-nei; ko Tūkāriri ka huaina tōna ingoa ko Tū-mata-uenga-a-Rangi-e-tū-iho-nei; ko Rangi-hāpainga ka huaina tōna ingoa ko Paia-nui-a-Rangi-e-tū-iho-nei; ko Rongo-hīrea ka huaina tōna ingoa ko Rongo-marae-roa-a-Rangi (HWM 12). / Because Rangi-nui was elevated above, Tāne-te-waiora was renamed Tāne-nui-a-Rangi-e tū-iho-nei; Tūkāriri was renamed Tū-mata-uenga-a-Rangi-e-tū-iho-nei; Rangi-hāpainga was renamed Paia-nui-a-Rangi-e-tū-iho-nei; and Rongo-hīrea was renamed Rongo-marae-roa-a-Rangi.
See also Rangi-hāpainga
Tangaroa
1. (personal name) atua of the sea and fish, he was one of the offspring of Rangi-nui and Papa-tū-ā-nuku and fled to the sea when his parents were separated. Sometimes known as Tangaroa-whaiariki.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 40-42;)
Ko te māoritanga o ngā ingoa o ēnei tamariki a Rangi rāua ko Papa: Ko Tangaroa, he ika; ko Rongo-mā-tāne, ko te kūmara; ko Haumia-tiketike, ko te aruhe; ko Tāne-mahuta, ko te rākau, ko te manu; ko Tāwhiri-mātea, ko te hau; ko Tū-mata-uenga, ko te tangata (KO 16/9/1886:6). / The explanation of the names of these children of Rangi and Papa is: Tangaroa is fish; Rongo-mā-tāne is kūmara; Haumia-tiketike is fernroot; Tāne-mahuta is trees and birds; Tāwhiri-mātea is wind; Tū-mata-uenga is humans.
See also atua
2. (noun) general name for the seven nights of the lunar month from the eighth to the fourteenth nights after the full moon - these are generally good days for planting fishing and eeling.
Ko te kōrero whakamutunga anō mō te tino āhua o ngā Tangaroa nei, tae noa ki te Ōmutu, ko tēnei te wā mōmona o te maramataka, e whitu rā te roa (WT 2013:32). / The final statement about the real nature of these Tangaroa nights, right until Ōmutu (the fourteenth night after the full moon), is that this is the productive time of the lunar calendar, and it is seven days long.
