Found 33 results matching "mana"

• mana whakahaere

  (noun) governance.  
  

• Mana Whanonga Kiapāho, Te

  (noun) Broadcasting Standards Authority.  
  

• Mana Mātāpono Matatapu

  (noun) Privacy Commissioner.  
  

• mana atua

  (noun) sacred spiritual power from the atua.   See also mana.
  

• muru

  1. (verb) (-a) to wipe out, wipe, rub, rub off, smear, paint, forgive, pluck (feathers, etc.).   Ko te waka rā i murua ki te peita mangu (TW 19/10/1878 wh9/521).That canoe is painted with black paint.
  2. (verb) to plunder, confiscate, take ritual compensation - an effective form of social control, restorative justice and redistribution of wealth among relatives. The process involved taking all the offending party's goods. The party that had the muru performed on them did not respond by seeking utu. The reasons for a muru included threats to the institution of marriage, accidents that threatened life (e.g. parents' negligence), trampling on tapu, and defeat in war. It could be instituted for intentional or unintentional offences. It only occurred among groups of people who were linked by whakapapa or marriage and linked neighbouring villages in a collective response in the delivery of punishment. The protocols and practices involved would be determined by various factors, including the mana of the victim or offender, the degree of the offence and the intent of the offending party. Before a muru was engaged, the matter of what would be taken would be discussed in detail, as would the size of the taua to perform the muru. Physical violence could occur but generally ended when blood was drawn. A muru sought to redress a transgression with the outcome of returning the affected party back to their original position in society.   I tētahi wāhi o Haina e panapana ana te iwi i ngā minita karakia, muru rawa ngā taonga o ngā whare (KO 15/1/1885).In one part of China the people have driven out the church ministers and plundered the possessions of the houses.
  

• utu

  1. (verb) (-ngia,-a) to repay, pay, make a response, avenge, reply.   Utua ai au e rima herengi i te wiki (HP wh26).I was paid five shillings per week.
  2. (noun) revenge, cost, price, wage, fee, payment, salary, reciprocity - an important concept concerned with the maintenance of balance and harmony in relationships between individuals and groups and order within Māori society, whether through gift exchange or as a result of hostilities between groups. It is closely linked to mana and includes reciprocation of kind deeds as well as revenge. While particular actions required a response, it was not necessary to apply utu immediately. The general principles that underlie utu are the obligations that exist between individuals and groups. If social relations are disturbed, utu is a means of restoring balance. Gift exchange, a major component of utu, created reciprocal obligations on the parties involved and established permanent and personal relationships. Traditionally utu between individuals and groups tended to escalate. Just as feasts were likely to increase in grandeur as an exchange relationship developed over time, so could reciprocal acts of vengeance intensify. Utu was not necessarily applied to the author of the affront, but affected the whole group. Thus utu could be gained through a victory over a group where only the most tenuous of links connected the source of the affront with the target of the utu. Any deleterious external influence could weaken the psychological state of the individual or group, but utu could reassert control over the influences and restore self-esteem and social standing. Suicide could even reassert control by demonstrating that one had control over one's fate, and was a way of gaining utu against a spouse or relative where direct retaliation was not possible. Such indirect utu often featured within kin groups.   He mea peita anō hoki e ia, ā he utu tika tāna utu i tono ai mō āna mahi (TW 28/8/1875 wh2/170).They were also painted by him and the price he asked was right for his work. (Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48;) See also utu ā-hāora.
  

• tari mana taurite

  equity office.  
  

• tapu

  1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection.   See also whakanoa, ariki, rangatira.
  2. (noun) restriction - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.   Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP wh9).There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872 wh58).The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people. (Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240;Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;) See also noa, rāhui.
  

• ihi

  (noun) ray of sun, essential force, excitement, power, charm, personal magnetism - psychic force as opposed to spiritual power (mana).   E ai ki te mahara ake o tētehi o te minenga ki a Mere e wani mai ana i te whatārangi kia tū ai ki te aroaro-ā-kapa, ki reira haka tahi atu ai me rātau me te puta o te ihi, o te wana (TTR 1998 wh1)One member of the audience remembered Mere gliding across the stage to stand in the front row of the haka group to join them in the haka with great excitement and gusto.
  

• tuku mana whakahaere

  (noun) devolution.  
  

• Karetai

  (personal name) (?-1860) Ngāi Tahu; chief and leader based at Ōtākou on the Otago Peninsula. Distinguished in the three requisites for leadership, mana-whakapapa, war and political acumen. Was involved in successful campaigns against Ngāti Toa (Te Kōhure: 142-160).  
  

• Mangakāhia, Meri Te Tai

  (personal name) (1868-1920) Te Rarawa; woman of mana and a suffragist who argued in 1893 for women to have the right to participate in the Māori Parliament, Te Kotahitanga.  
  

• whakamanakore

  (verb) to destroy mana.